What does "thermal runaway" signify in the context of explosions?

The term "thermal runaway" refers specifically to a situation where a reaction generates heat at a rate faster than that heat can be dissipated. This imbalance leads to an increase in temperature that can escalate uncontrollably, potentially resulting in an explosive reaction.

In chemical processes, if the exothermic reaction produces heat and the surrounding environment or system cannot adequately remove this heat, the temperature will continue to rise. As the temperature increases, the reaction may accelerate further, exacerbating the problem. This cycle can reach a point where the reaction becomes so intense that it can lead to explosions, fires, or other dangerous scenarios.

Understanding this concept is crucial for assessing and managing the risks associated with chemical reactions in industrial processes and laboratories. It highlights the importance of monitoring temperature and implementing proper heat management strategies to prevent such occurrences.